Intellectual property in making green steel is not the big competitive advantage of European steelmakers. Green steel making is not ultra high-tech product lik

Intellectual property in making green steel is not the big competitive advantage of European steelmakers. Green steel making is not ultra high-tech product like the ASML photolithography machines. If it would be a big competitive advantage then Thyssenkrupp would not need €2 billion German government state aid for its new green steel plant in Duisburg. https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/thyssenkrupp-advanced-talks-adjust-funding-3-billion-green-steel-plant-2026-08-13/ https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/thyssenkrupp-ad... "Most of Asia's steelmaking capacity is blast furnace-based, accounting for around 90% of output in China, 73% of output in Japan, 69% in South Korea and 46% in India, according to World Steel. With many of the region's blast furnaces at an early stage in their life cycles, it is unlikely that they would be phased out soon, and so many of the decarbonization efforts are based on the continued use of this production route." "Overall, the path to decarbonization in the Asian steel sector is fraught with challenges, requiring significant investment and regulatory support to ensure the transition to sustainable practices is both feasible and economically viable." https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/blog/metals/010625-prices-and-policies-forging-the-green-steel-market https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/blog/metals... So steelmakers in Asia are concentrating on low production costs, steelmakers in Europe are concentrating on low carbon emissions.