Drivers will want them charging during peak usage hours, and the grid will want them discharging, so grid integration can only do so much, unless you expect dri

Drivers will want them charging during peak usage hours, and the grid will want them discharging, so grid integration can only do so much, unless you expect drivers to massively subsidize the power grid by buying batteries they don't want. Hydrogen is not viable and as far as I know has never been taken seriously as a fuel storage or transport material. Centralized battery works just fine but it's currently cost-prohibitive. I'm not sure why the paper's authors think that will change by 2030.