This sort of thing has been studied in academic experiments. Although the models studied are now “old”, and I expect the floor is higher, the lack of vocabulary

This sort of thing has been studied in academic experiments. Although the models studied are now “old”, and I expect the floor is higher, the lack of vocabulary and basic concept familiarity sets the ceiling. https://www.feldmanmolly.com/chiwork2024-author-version.pdf https://www.feldmanmolly.com/chiwork2024-author-version.pdf