I think a much better solution is to get rid of phone numbers (and email addresses), and instead only allow incoming phone calls, texts, email, ect, from people

I think a much better solution is to get rid of phone numbers (and email addresses), and instead only allow incoming phone calls, texts, email, ect, from people and companies you know. "Cold calling" can either come from governmental organizations (IE, call from the police), or someone or some organization in your network can grant access to call, text, email, ect on their behalf. The result is that SPAM has a chain of traceability, so you can then block people and organizations in your network who make unwanted calls. Furthermore, regulation is needed so that your cable company can't pull dumb nonsense like saying "telemarking is required to use our service": This is where the SPAM button that you propose really comes in handy, because it holds accountable the fools who think that selling their customers' contact information is a good idea.