https://www.nber.org/digest/202508/unpacking-union-wage-premium https://www.nber.org/digest/202508/unpacking-union-wage-prem... They earn more and are more pro

https://www.nber.org/digest/202508/unpacking-union-wage-premium https://www.nber.org/digest/202508/unpacking-union-wage-prem... They earn more and are more productive. Here is one Canadian study but I’m sure you can find more if you’re interested.