"It's honestly perplexing how major powers seem incapable of learning from history." I think you mean it is perplexing how the leaders of certain major powers

"It's honestly perplexing how major powers seem incapable of learning from history." I think you mean it is perplexing how the leaders of certain major powers seem incapable of learning from history. It seems clear the relevant advice has been available. And yes, I also suspect arrogance but the list of problematic personality traits that apply to the current situation have been exhaustively detailed all over the place...