>> While all of these might offer some cooling in your home, nothing beats air conditioning. > By what measurement? […] The measure of the air's temperature.

>> While all of these might offer some cooling in your home, nothing beats air conditioning. > By what measurement? […] The measure of the air's temperature. It does not matter if you have shutters: if the air outside is 30C then eventually the air inside will eventually get to 30C (good insulation will simply mean it takes longer). If your outside is >30C then the only way to keep your inside <30C is to transfer the heat (which an AC does via an evaporator, refrigerant, and a condensor).