Yes, they are quite low level, hence how painful Vulkan happens to be, as its design was driven by console vendors feedback, and based on Mantle, basically AMD

Yes, they are quite low level, hence how painful Vulkan happens to be, as its design was driven by console vendors feedback, and based on Mantle, basically AMD trying to make a PC API close to how modern consoles work. https://github.com/sigmaco/mantle-docs https://github.com/sigmaco/mantle-docs https://ir.amd.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/466/amds-revolutionary-mantle-graphics-api-adopted-by-industry-leading-game-developers-cloud-imperium-eidos-montreal-and-oxide https://ir.amd.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/466/amd... While there have some support, Playstation 3 had OpenGL ES 1.0 with Cg for shading, Wii had a GL like API with GLSL subset, and SWitch does support GL 4.6/Vulkan, they were never fully adopted by devs, rather favouring the native ones.