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This strikes me as a tragedy of the commons. It's in everyone's individual interest (including corporations) to pay as little tax as possible. Assuming that th

by rlpb 14y ago

This strikes me as a tragedy of the commons. It's in everyone's individual interest (including corporations) to pay as little tax as possible. Assuming that this is entirely legal, I don't see how this is a problem in Google's behaviour. If there is a problem, it is in the tax code, and the Government has sole responsibility for that. Making tax codes simpler would make it easier to not leave loopholes, but politics always seems to drive it in the other direction. Perhaps the need to avoid this kind of situation can be a good force in keeping tax codes simpler.

rayiner 14y ago
These "loopholes" are not really what you think they are. Most of the complexity of the tax code doesn't come from "loop holes," but from trying to define a framework for computing net income as opposed to gross income. In the corporate tax case, complexity also comes from trying to avoid taxing companies for profits that have nothing to do with American operations.
- flyinRyan 14y ago
  Also, a lot of "loopholes" come from the government trying to shape behavior via tax breaks.
  - polyfractal 14y ago
    A good example of this is the Mortgage Tax Credit, a much loved tax break for average, middle class families. This is essentially a "tax loophole" for people who buy houses. It's just more fun to yell about tax loopholes that corporations utilize, because big faceless corporations sound more evil than tax breaks that John and Jane benefit from.
    - Nursie 14y ago
      I disagree. Loopholes are unintentional on the part of the legislators, tax breaks are deliberate.
      - flyinRyan 14y ago
        Yes but a "loophole" is generally an abused tax break.
    - AnthonyMouse 14y ago
      Ironically, the largest beneficiaries of the mortgage interest deduction are the banks. If you give one person a subsidy, it allows that person to buy a home when they otherwise couldn't. If you give everyone a subsidy, they just bid up housing prices by nearly the entire amount of the subsidy. (If the government really wanted to make it easier to own a home, they should subsidize new home construction in order to increase the supply of homes and thereby reduce their cost.) But once you've established the deduction and people have already bought homes expecting it, they require its continued existence to be able to keep making the payments. What they really ought to do is remove the deduction for new mortgages but not existing mortgages (or refinances of existing mortgages that don't increase the loan principal).
    - anon1385 14y ago
      I'd say that was more of a welfare benefit than a tax loophole. It's just that we don't like to label money going to average middle class families as welfare. Much government social expenditure is structured this way: if you are poor you are really made to know that you are receiving welfare, and sometimes they don't even give you real money. On the other hand, middle class people don't get 'welfare', just 'tax breaks'. The result of this is that better off people underestimate how much direct government assistance they have received [1]. I won't comment on the potential political motivations for dividing up the welfare state in this way [1] http://themonkeycage.org/blog/2011/02/08/the_invisible_american_welfare/ http://themonkeycage.org/blog/2011/02/08/the_invisible_ameri...
      - tptacek 14y ago
        The mortgage interest deduction benefits wealthy households much more than "average middle class" households. The tax advantage of home ownership is also reflected in higher prices for those houses, so it's not much of a win in any case.
        anon1385 14y ago
        I only used the terminology 'average middle class' because the parent had. I'm British and terms like working class and middle class seem to have slightly different meanings in the US so usually I try to avoid using them. Also, even if it is not much of a win for the wealthy households, higher property prices generally mean higher rents so it disadvantages the class of people that rent. A similar argument applies to housing benefit in the uk, which is something you receive if you are poor (working or not). The recipient doesn't really see the money, but it helps to keep rents high so it's more of a 'landlords benefit', much like your mortgage deduction seems to be of more benefit to the banks than home owners.
        tptacek 14y ago
        Just to be clear, there are two problems with the mortgage interest deduction. First, it's regressive; by the numbers, the people who benefit most from the deduction are those least in need of a benefit from the government. Second, regardless of your income level, the mortgage interest deduction artificially increases the desirability of residential real estate, which drives up the prices, which acts as a shadow tax on home ownership. The first problem you could address by capping the benefit somehow. The latter you cannot.
- rlpb 14y ago
  > These "loopholes" are not really what you think they are. I am defining a loophole as anything that the media are getting into a frenzy about that is perfectly legal. If one prefers that they weren't using some technique to minimise tax, then it [that technique] is a loophole. If this means that they've failed to "define a framework for computing net income as opposed to gross income" that works, then that's a loophole. > In the corporate tax case, complexity also comes from trying to avoid taxing companies for profits that have nothing to do with American operations. I don't see what has got to do with it. Clearly no jurisdiction can justifiably claim that it deserves tax revenue unless a company has operations there. If it has operations there, it falls under that jurisdiction's tax code. If the company can avoid paying some tax in any particular jurisdiction that one would like it to be paying, then the tax code of that jurisdiction is broken.

by rlpb 14y ago

rayiner 14y ago

These "loopholes" are not really what you think they are. Most of the complexity of the tax code doesn't come from "loop holes," but from trying to define a framework for computing net income as opposed to gross income. In the corporate tax case, complexity also comes from trying to avoid taxing companies for profits that have nothing to do with American operations.

flyinRyan 14y ago
Also, a lot of "loopholes" come from the government trying to shape behavior via tax breaks.
- polyfractal 14y ago
  A good example of this is the Mortgage Tax Credit, a much loved tax break for average, middle class families. This is essentially a "tax loophole" for people who buy houses. It's just more fun to yell about tax loopholes that corporations utilize, because big faceless corporations sound more evil than tax breaks that John and Jane benefit from.
  - Nursie 14y ago
    I disagree. Loopholes are unintentional on the part of the legislators, tax breaks are deliberate.
    - flyinRyan 14y ago
      Yes but a "loophole" is generally an abused tax break.
  - AnthonyMouse 14y ago
    Ironically, the largest beneficiaries of the mortgage interest deduction are the banks. If you give one person a subsidy, it allows that person to buy a home when they otherwise couldn't. If you give everyone a subsidy, they just bid up housing prices by nearly the entire amount of the subsidy. (If the government really wanted to make it easier to own a home, they should subsidize new home construction in order to increase the supply of homes and thereby reduce their cost.) But once you've established the deduction and people have already bought homes expecting it, they require its continued existence to be able to keep making the payments. What they really ought to do is remove the deduction for new mortgages but not existing mortgages (or refinances of existing mortgages that don't increase the loan principal).
  - anon1385 14y ago
    I'd say that was more of a welfare benefit than a tax loophole. It's just that we don't like to label money going to average middle class families as welfare. Much government social expenditure is structured this way: if you are poor you are really made to know that you are receiving welfare, and sometimes they don't even give you real money. On the other hand, middle class people don't get 'welfare', just 'tax breaks'. The result of this is that better off people underestimate how much direct government assistance they have received [1]. I won't comment on the potential political motivations for dividing up the welfare state in this way [1] http://themonkeycage.org/blog/2011/02/08/the_invisible_american_welfare/ http://themonkeycage.org/blog/2011/02/08/the_invisible_ameri...
    - tptacek 14y ago
      The mortgage interest deduction benefits wealthy households much more than "average middle class" households. The tax advantage of home ownership is also reflected in higher prices for those houses, so it's not much of a win in any case.
      - anon1385 14y ago
        I only used the terminology 'average middle class' because the parent had. I'm British and terms like working class and middle class seem to have slightly different meanings in the US so usually I try to avoid using them. Also, even if it is not much of a win for the wealthy households, higher property prices generally mean higher rents so it disadvantages the class of people that rent. A similar argument applies to housing benefit in the uk, which is something you receive if you are poor (working or not). The recipient doesn't really see the money, but it helps to keep rents high so it's more of a 'landlords benefit', much like your mortgage deduction seems to be of more benefit to the banks than home owners.
        tptacek 14y ago
        Just to be clear, there are two problems with the mortgage interest deduction. First, it's regressive; by the numbers, the people who benefit most from the deduction are those least in need of a benefit from the government. Second, regardless of your income level, the mortgage interest deduction artificially increases the desirability of residential real estate, which drives up the prices, which acts as a shadow tax on home ownership. The first problem you could address by capping the benefit somehow. The latter you cannot.
rlpb 14y ago
> These "loopholes" are not really what you think they are. I am defining a loophole as anything that the media are getting into a frenzy about that is perfectly legal. If one prefers that they weren't using some technique to minimise tax, then it [that technique] is a loophole. If this means that they've failed to "define a framework for computing net income as opposed to gross income" that works, then that's a loophole. > In the corporate tax case, complexity also comes from trying to avoid taxing companies for profits that have nothing to do with American operations. I don't see what has got to do with it. Clearly no jurisdiction can justifiably claim that it deserves tax revenue unless a company has operations there. If it has operations there, it falls under that jurisdiction's tax code. If the company can avoid paying some tax in any particular jurisdiction that one would like it to be paying, then the tax code of that jurisdiction is broken.