In humans this is often called impulsivity, the preference for smaller sooner outcomes. This is often seen in children and animals and in some adult human behav

In humans this is often called impulsivity, the preference for smaller sooner outcomes. This is often seen in children and animals and in some adult human behavior. An impulsive choice is not optimal. You can buy a cheaper pack of gum at Costco in a week or get one for three times the cost right now.