"1) women negotiate less" Simply because it's a choice made by women doesn't mean that they're not being constrained by discrimination or sexist norms. Consid

"1) women negotiate less" Simply because it's a choice made by women doesn't mean that they're not being constrained by discrimination or sexist norms. Consider: what if the reason women choose not to negotiate is that the penalties for negotiation are higher for women? E.g., they'll be perceived as bitchy or ungrateful, while a man would lose nothing by negotiating or even gain character points for being assertive and proactive. Not providing evidence that that's the case, here (though to some extent it certainly is). But even free choice is constrained by the system it's embedded in.