Regarding the power and substation vulnerability to a simple steel chain, the power companies in my area picked up on this around 5 or 6 years ago and have upgr

Regarding the power and substation vulnerability to a simple steel chain, the power companies in my area picked up on this around 5 or 6 years ago and have upgraded the security at every power and substation in this area and beyond. Previously the substations had a small fence around them. There have been work crews working on each station one at a time to completely overhaul the security. They placed a much larger electrified fence around the station, placed most of the transformers into small brick buildings and have a chain link fence covering the entire complex (a fence that is easily collapsed back for emergency access). You can tell that they spend a lot of money on these security improvements, there are large alarms, big warning signs, they sat the fences a dozen yards or so further back so you can't get closer. It didn't need a security incident for this power company to figure out that they had a simple vulnerability and to fix it. That said, there is no equivalent easy improvement that could be made to LTE networks to secure them. The flaw is in the protocols, and fixing it would require a new network stack and new phones, not just a bigger fence.