This analysis is how I've always understood the distinction between call-by-value or reference. I think the author of the article is a little confused about C+

This analysis is how I've always understood the distinction between call-by-value or reference. I think the author of the article is a little confused about C++ as well, or perhaps just doesn't have a firm enough handle on it to be able to articulate the distinction between a location in memory and the value at a location in memory.