The intersection of dark patterns, addiction, and support networks really creates probably more variability than this study is accounting for. Youtube, Reddit,

The intersection of dark patterns, addiction, and support networks really creates probably more variability than this study is accounting for. Youtube, Reddit, and a few other networks I could name off the top of my head were pro-support networks, pro-identity building at once time. It seems impossible to keep the profit motive from transitioning to an addictive/neuroticism-feeding paradigm. You end up with the weird reality that some types of websites just need to be user-supported/run because any other motive ultimately breaks them and seems to make them toxic. I'd also add the reality that neurotic/polemic content seems to spike any sort of algorithm based on engagement. Basically our closest metric for monetization is inherently toxic.