In my experience, promotion depends on: (a) is cheaper (including on boarding) to fire and hire or pay more, (b) will it cause domino effect so others will also

In my experience, promotion depends on: (a) is cheaper (including on boarding) to fire and hire or pay more, (b) will it cause domino effect so others will also ask for promotions, (c) will employee find an offer outside (matter of personal traits and market conditions). Personal performance and achievements are usually secondary. YMMV