Public funding of STEM in universities too. Foundational research is underprovisioned by the market because it's a non-rivalrous and non-excludable public good.

Public funding of STEM in universities too. Foundational research is underprovisioned by the market because it's a non-rivalrous and non-excludable public good. It's a market failure that is best addressed by governments fulfilling their role as providers of positive sum public goods. Solar went through a similar cycle with German and US funding for foundational R&D in the 1970s, which was eventually picked up by China's industry when it was mature enough. SpaceX too. There's a yin and yang to public and private that populists on all sides are ideologically incapable of appreciating.