I agree. I can't imagine anybody would call a function that returns the same result in a loop like that. There are plenty more optimizations they could come up

I agree. I can't imagine anybody would call a function that returns the same result in a loop like that. There are plenty more optimizations they could come up with. In fact, there are a couple of books https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/high-performance-python/9781492055013/ https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/high-performance-python... for instance. Didn't want to link the one on Amazon