There is a related line of work that suggests spikes in the ESD are related to the generalization vs memorization too; e.g., From Spikes to Heavy Tails: Unveil

There is a related line of work that suggests spikes in the ESD are related to the generalization vs memorization too; e.g., From Spikes to Heavy Tails: Unveiling the Spectral Evolution of Neural Networks (https://openreview.net/pdf?id=DJHB8eBUnt https://openreview.net/pdf?id=DJHB8eBUnt)