UBI covers more underfunded nondiscretionary personal spending that tends to have a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of almost exactly 1 when used wisely. T

UBI covers more underfunded nondiscretionary personal spending that tends to have a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of almost exactly 1 when used wisely. This means it funds necessary shit that might not have been funded and led to deleterious effects like malnutrition, stunted growth, and preventable disabilities. Means testing and treating recipients like criminals places burdensome barriers in front of support (e.g., costs in time, money, energy, and emotional well-being) and often costs more to administer than the cost of the assistance itself when taken too far beyond deterring/eliminating obvious fraud.