Without policies, gains in efficiency are always compensated by increased demand. Global energy consumption by source is a good example, we've never consumed as

Without policies, gains in efficiency are always compensated by increased demand. Global energy consumption by source is a good example, we've never consumed as much coal as now even though we have alternatives. https://ourworldindata.org/global-energy-200-years https://ourworldindata.org/global-energy-200-years