> To the best of my (admittedly limited) knowledge, no court has yet denied the long-standing presumption that, because a program needs to be copied into memory

> To the best of my (admittedly limited) knowledge, no court has yet denied the long-standing presumption that, because a program needs to be copied into memory to be used, a license is required. This was specifically validated by the 9th Circuit in 1993 (and implicitly endorsed by Congress subsequently adopting a narrow exception for software that is run automatically when turning on a computer, copied into memory in the course of turning on the computer as part of computer repair.)