> Are they punishing their own nationals? That is a very simplistic way of looking at it. Tariffs are taxes on exports and like every tax tool it has its spec

> Are they punishing their own nationals? That is a very simplistic way of looking at it. Tariffs are taxes on exports and like every tax tool it has its specific purpose. Lets say US for example has surplus diary. It can export the surplus to other countries. Without tariff the only barrier is the exchange rate. If the diary prices are cheaper than local produce, US diary takes over the market and the US farmers make bank. Canadian government might want to protect local diary industry. Or Canadians might have concerns about the chemicals in US diary. They have more stringent requirements from their farmers. Either way they raise tariffs for US diary products so that is on par or costlier than local produce. Tariffs are normally a precision tool. Countries target specific goods and industries. Now what Trump has done is taken a blunt hammer to it and said all goods from all countries will have tariffs. But if you look at retaliatory tariffs, imposed by other countries, it is precise and meant to hurt very specific industries. For example, China has raised tariffs on US soyabean. In way it is targeted at US rust belt farmers. The idea being that farmers are a politically active class and if tariffs cause them pain, maybe Trump will come to the table. But that has happened yet. Maybe US farmers just don't care as they are winning too much.