Good questions. One problem is, that the number of races used for professional (and hobby) beekeeping is already very small. Mostly queens are selected for layi

Good questions. One problem is, that the number of races used for professional (and hobby) beekeeping is already very small. Mostly queens are selected for laying eggs for peaceful and prodcutive workers, not so much for hygiene (removing infected sisters) or defense-oriented (beekeepers don't like that) bees. As a consequence the current races might not be able to evolve resistance so easily. Earlier efforts to breed European bees in combination with (I think) Japanese bees both imported to the Philippines led to the import of varroa destructor mites. Man is not so lucky with his manipulation of nature, it seems. Or choose another word.