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The low energy future that was envisioned is not happening. The AI arms race, which has become an actual arms race in the war in Ukraine, needs endless energy

The low energy future that was envisioned is not happening. The AI arms race, which has become an actual arms race in the war in Ukraine, needs endless energy all times a day. China is already winning the AI cold war because it adds more capacity to its grid a year than Germany has in a century. If we keep going with agrarian methods of energy production don't be surprised that we suffer the same fate as the agrarian societies of the 19th century. Any country that doesn't have the capability to train and build drones on mass won't be a country for long.

epistasis 1y ago
You have that exactly backwards: solar + storage is what will give us energy abundance at less money than we could ever imagine from nuclear fission or fusion. China is winning the AI Cold war because it's adding solar, storage, and wind at orders of magnitude more than nuclear. I'm not sure who's doing your supposed "envisioning" but there is no vision for cheap abundant energy from fusion. Solar and storage deliver it today, fusion only delivers it in sci fi books. Nuclear is 20th century technology that does not fit with a highly automated future. With high levels of automation, construction is super expensive. You want to spend your expensive construction labor on building factories, not individual power generation sites. Building factories for solar and storage lets them scale to a degree that nuclear could never scale. Nuclear has basically no way of catching up.
- pfdietz 1y ago
  > sci fi books I blame these for the unquestioned belief that fusion is desirable. It's a trope because it enables stories to be told, and because readers became used to seeing, not because science fiction has a good track record on such things. The fact that the volumetric power density of ARC is 40x worse than a PWR (and ITER, 400x worse!) should tell one that DT fusion at least is unlikely to be cheap. With continued progress down the experience curve, PV will reach the point where resistive heat is cheaper than burning natural gas at the Henry Hub price (which doesn't include the cost of getting gas through pipelines and distribution to customers.) And remember cheap natural gas was what destroyed the last nuclear renaissance in the US.
  - formerly_proven 1y ago
    It's hard to imagine a form of energy production less desirable than fusion. Okay, sure, burning lignite and using the exhaust as air heating in the children's hospital. You got me.
- noosphr 1y ago
  China has been building out nuclear capacity at 5% a year for 25 years. Solar and wind capacity had shot through the roof in the last five years because they can't sell hardware to the west any more. The other big item is hydro power, which China has a ton of untapped potential for. Unfortunately for the West every good river has already been damed so we can't follow them there.
  - epistasis 1y ago
    > Solar and wind capacity had shot through the roof in the last five years because they can't sell hardware to the west any more. "can't sell hardware??" hah! I've never heard that weird made-up justification, where did you pick it up from? China installed 277GW of solar in 2024, capacity factor corrected that's 55.4 GW of solar power. That's equivalent to the entire amount of nuclear that China has ever built. One year versus all time. And then in the first half of 2025, China installed another 212GW of solar. In six months. Nuclear is a footnote compared to the planned deployment of solar and wind and storage in China. Anybody who's serious about energy is deploying massive amounts of solar, storage, and some wind. Some people that are slow to adapt are still building gas or coal, but these will be stranded assets far before their end of life. Nuclear fusion and fission are meme technologies, unable to compete with the scale and scope that batteries and solar deliver every day. This mismatch grows by the month.
    - cyberax 1y ago
      > China installed 277GW of solar in 2024, capacity factor corrected that's 55.4 GW of solar power. The problem is not just the mean capacity factor, but the capacity factor in _winter_. It's terrible for China, less than 15%. And more importantly, you can have _weeks_ with essentially zero solar power when you need it most.
      - noosphr 1y ago
        This is not an issue in China as they overprovision demand by 50 percent. Their grid can run off baseload generation alone in their 2060 plan. Trying to explain that a grid build by electrical engineers, rather than financial engineers, has resilience build in to people whose whole idea about electricity generation is greenwashed bullshit from McKinsey and Co is at best a waste of time and at worst an excellent way to raise one's blood pressure.

epistasis 1y ago

You have that exactly backwards: solar + storage is what will give us energy abundance at less money than we could ever imagine from nuclear fission or fusion. China is winning the AI Cold war because it's adding solar, storage, and wind at orders of magnitude more than nuclear. I'm not sure who's doing your supposed "envisioning" but there is no vision for cheap abundant energy from fusion. Solar and storage deliver it today, fusion only delivers it in sci fi books. Nuclear is 20th century technology that does not fit with a highly automated future. With high levels of automation, construction is super expensive. You want to spend your expensive construction labor on building factories, not individual power generation sites. Building factories for solar and storage lets them scale to a degree that nuclear could never scale. Nuclear has basically no way of catching up.

pfdietz 1y ago
> sci fi books I blame these for the unquestioned belief that fusion is desirable. It's a trope because it enables stories to be told, and because readers became used to seeing, not because science fiction has a good track record on such things. The fact that the volumetric power density of ARC is 40x worse than a PWR (and ITER, 400x worse!) should tell one that DT fusion at least is unlikely to be cheap. With continued progress down the experience curve, PV will reach the point where resistive heat is cheaper than burning natural gas at the Henry Hub price (which doesn't include the cost of getting gas through pipelines and distribution to customers.) And remember cheap natural gas was what destroyed the last nuclear renaissance in the US.
- formerly_proven 1y ago
  It's hard to imagine a form of energy production less desirable than fusion. Okay, sure, burning lignite and using the exhaust as air heating in the children's hospital. You got me.
noosphr 1y ago
China has been building out nuclear capacity at 5% a year for 25 years. Solar and wind capacity had shot through the roof in the last five years because they can't sell hardware to the west any more. The other big item is hydro power, which China has a ton of untapped potential for. Unfortunately for the West every good river has already been damed so we can't follow them there.
- epistasis 1y ago
  > Solar and wind capacity had shot through the roof in the last five years because they can't sell hardware to the west any more. "can't sell hardware??" hah! I've never heard that weird made-up justification, where did you pick it up from? China installed 277GW of solar in 2024, capacity factor corrected that's 55.4 GW of solar power. That's equivalent to the entire amount of nuclear that China has ever built. One year versus all time. And then in the first half of 2025, China installed another 212GW of solar. In six months. Nuclear is a footnote compared to the planned deployment of solar and wind and storage in China. Anybody who's serious about energy is deploying massive amounts of solar, storage, and some wind. Some people that are slow to adapt are still building gas or coal, but these will be stranded assets far before their end of life. Nuclear fusion and fission are meme technologies, unable to compete with the scale and scope that batteries and solar deliver every day. This mismatch grows by the month.
  - cyberax 1y ago
    > China installed 277GW of solar in 2024, capacity factor corrected that's 55.4 GW of solar power. The problem is not just the mean capacity factor, but the capacity factor in _winter_. It's terrible for China, less than 15%. And more importantly, you can have _weeks_ with essentially zero solar power when you need it most.
    - noosphr 1y ago
      This is not an issue in China as they overprovision demand by 50 percent. Their grid can run off baseload generation alone in their 2060 plan. Trying to explain that a grid build by electrical engineers, rather than financial engineers, has resilience build in to people whose whole idea about electricity generation is greenwashed bullshit from McKinsey and Co is at best a waste of time and at worst an excellent way to raise one's blood pressure.