There's a lot of application of methods in this paper. However, they're mostly saying there wasn't much in terms of artifacts to be discovered. And it's a wall

There's a lot of application of methods in this paper. However, they're mostly saying there wasn't much in terms of artifacts to be discovered. And it's a wall made from unpolished stones, sand and maybe some wood. There' basically nothing here. They find some coins from 160 CE and then go on to attribute the wall to being built in the 10-13 CE centuries, as was already established. > This research supports a broader reconceptualization of medieval frontiers—not merely as static defensive barriers, but as dynamic administrative infrastructures. The Gobi Wall exemplifies a mode of Xi Xia statecraft that used architectural investments to manage re-sources, population movement, and territorial boundaries. This understanding aligns with theoretical models framing frontiers as zones of control and interaction, rather than rigid dividing lines [57], and invites broader comparative analysis across Eurasian contexts. Yeah, they _maybe_ used a big wall they had built for defensive purposes to charge customs. There are no answers here. I'm sure it's interesting for other archaeologists to study the methods used, but there are no interesting rigid conclusions to be had from reading it. 1. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/5/1087 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/5/1087