The article does not take into account ESL. In fact, greater participation of ESL kids or those with disabilities appears to be a major reason the NAEP test sco

The article does not take into account ESL. In fact, greater participation of ESL kids or those with disabilities appears to be a major reason the NAEP test scores have changed over time: > In addition, since 1996, main NAEP assessments have been providing accommodations to allow more students with disabilities and students who were not fluent in English to participate. Traditionally, the long-term trend assessments have not provided such accommodations. However, in 2004, it was possible to provide accommodations and assess a greater proportion of students. https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/ltt/bridge_study.aspx https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/ltt/bridge_study.aspx