"Well for tests, let students have a formula sheet. I don't understand why in this day and age we need to learn everything by heart, when in the real world ever

"Well for tests, let students have a formula sheet. I don't understand why in this day and age we need to learn everything by heart, when in the real world everything is 1 search query away." I think this is exactly the problem. When formula sheets are allowed it is reinforced that you need not learn the material, but instead just know that you'll be able to plug and chug. Sure, you may be able to look it up later, but in class students should truly understand the material not simply know where to plug in which numbers. However, if you truly know the material intuition and the ability to derive the formulas will give evidence that you truly understand the material.