It's unclear and barely enforced in Canada. Ontario has a two-step test for defining "software engineering": * The development of the software required the app

It's unclear and barely enforced in Canada. Ontario has a two-step test for defining "software engineering": * The development of the software required the application of engineering principles (ie. "a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software") * The software concerns the public interest (ie. there is a reasonable expectation that failure or inappropriate functioning of the system would result in harm to life, health, property, economic interests, the public welfare or the environment). In practice, LinkedIn is full of "software engineers" and anyone with a P. Eng uses it as a suffix.