In Germany, there is the Electronic Cash (or newer versions called Girocard) which is similarly smartcard-based for the offline use case, but pairs with a regul

In Germany, there is the Electronic Cash (or newer versions called Girocard) which is similarly smartcard-based for the offline use case, but pairs with a regular debit card for online use [1]. Apparently, not that many people use the offline functionality.. it also has a somewhat low daily limit (though I think those are in place for some online transactions such as getting cash as well). [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_cash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_cash