Graphene based chips would have less thermal loss. Graphene heat sinks without thermal paste: "Graphene based CPU coolers" (2025) https://www.pcgamer.com/har

Graphene based chips would have less thermal loss. Graphene heat sinks without thermal paste: "Graphene based CPU coolers" (2025) https://www.pcgamer.com/hardware/processors/cyberpower-begins-selling-desktop-pcs-with-carbon-nanotube-cpu-cooling-possibly-spelling-the-end-of-thermal-paste-catastrophes/ https://www.pcgamer.com/hardware/processors/cyberpower-begin... "Graphene thermal pad for AMD CPUs promises 17X better conductivity than thermal paste, 2X improvement over Thermal Grizzly" (2025) https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/thermal-paste/graphene-thermal-pad-for-amd-cpus-promises-17x-better-conductivity-than-thermal-paste-2x-improvement-over-thermal-grizzly https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/thermal-paste/gra... ... What work can channeled heat do? "Electrically gated molecular thermal switch" (2023) https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo4297 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo4297 ... "Thermal transistors handle heat with no moving parts" (2023) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38270523 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38270523 FWIU it takes extra heat to heat pipe heat e.g. to a thermal energy recovery area of a datacenter. New advances in thin-film thermoelectrics for cooling not energy harvesting IIUC: "New thermoelectric cooling breakthrough nearly doubles efficiency" (2025) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45323213 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45323213