Yes, but it is not till quite recently that this implied formal attendance tracking of student attendance at individual lectures. For example, here is how UCL i

Yes, but it is not till quite recently that this implied formal attendance tracking of student attendance at individual lectures. For example, here is how UCL interpreted the requirements as recently as 2015: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2015/oct/ucl-international-students-tier-4-students-engagement-monitoring-and-upcoming-uk-visas-and https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2015/oct/ucl-international-studen...