I am not saying that these languages will stay around forever, mind you. But we have solidified the tech stacks involving these languages by making them ridicul

I am not saying that these languages will stay around forever, mind you. But we have solidified the tech stacks involving these languages by making them ridiculously complex. Replacement of a programming language in one of the core components can only come through gradual and glacially slow evolution at this point. "Rewrite it in XYZ" as a clean slate approach on a big scale is simply a pipe dream. Re Matlab: I still see it thriving in the industry, for better or worse. Many engineers just seem to love it. I haven't seen many users of Julia yet. Where do you see those? I think that Julia deserves a fair chance, but it just doesn't have a presence in the fields I work in.