QGIS is a gold standard to verify you tools works fine and data is in a correct format ... if you are a web based first, you have even better options to build

QGIS is a gold standard to verify you tools works fine and data is in a correct format ... if you are a web based first, you have even better options to build and extend kepler, protomaps, maplibre-gl-js https://kepler.gl https://kepler.gl https://protomaps.com https://protomaps.com https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js the rest can be found on great Qiusheng Wu’s (aka @giswqs) Geo/GeoAI tutorials channels and repos https://www.youtube.com/@giswqs/videos https://www.youtube.com/@giswqs/videos https://x.com/giswqs https://x.com/giswqs but what really amazed me is how geo spatial support is growing inside of databases recently https://duckdb.org/docs/stable/core_extensions/spatial/overview.html https://duckdb.org/docs/stable/core_extensions/spatial/overv... all mighty postgis https://postgis.net/docs/manual-3.5/postgis_cheatsheet-en.html https://postgis.net/docs/manual-3.5/postgis_cheatsheet-en.ht... https://sedona.apache.org/latest/ https://sedona.apache.org/latest/ https://geoparquet.org/releases/v1.0.0/ https://geoparquet.org/releases/v1.0.0/ and many unlocked dataset compare to other industries https://docs.overturemaps.org/getting-data/duckdb/ https://docs.overturemaps.org/getting-data/duckdb/ https://www.openstreetmap.org/ https://www.openstreetmap.org/ https://hub.arcgis.com/search https://hub.arcgis.com/search lot great webtools are comming for sure and you still can be 100% of most of your geospatial pipeline p.s. want to extend the above list with self-hosted tools with minimum or none dependencies on paid APIs, and recommendations are greatly appreciated