They don't. Larger cities have many loops of busy highway belts embracing the city, and plenty of tunnels, parking lots and emissions (ie Madrid, Rome, Paris...

They don't. Larger cities have many loops of busy highway belts embracing the city, and plenty of tunnels, parking lots and emissions (ie Madrid, Rome, Paris...). But there's always a sizeable walkable urban area, usually proportional to the overall city-size. Even Stuttgart has a nice downtown walking area [1] and a usable public transport system [2]. But, as a fun notice, Stuttgart could be somewhat of a "Detroit of Europe", being the home of Porsche and Mercedes-Benz, so there's added incentive, and pride, to be a car city. [1] https://maps.app.goo.gl/aQCEYkc3oWsKpD9F7 https://maps.app.goo.gl/aQCEYkc3oWsKpD9F7 [2] https://www.travelstuttgart.com/transport-in-stuttgart.html https://www.travelstuttgart.com/transport-in-stuttgart.html