It’s not that they embed probabilistic behavior per se. But more like they are chaotic systems, in that a slight change of input can drastically change the outp

It’s not that they embed probabilistic behavior per se. But more like they are chaotic systems, in that a slight change of input can drastically change the output. But ideally, good compiler design is idempotent — given the same input, the output should always be the same. If that were not generally true, programming would be much harder than it is.