OSI model makes no sense when applied to USB vs PCIE vs SATA :) But if you really insisted SATA and USB would occupy layers 1 and 2 while PCIE goes all the way

OSI model makes no sense when applied to USB vs PCIE vs SATA :) But if you really insisted SATA and USB would occupy layers 1 and 2 while PCIE goes all the way to 3, so would ancient Firewire. PCIE (and FW) support bus mastering, USB does not. USB/SATA devices are purely host pooled and unable to initiate any transfers, PCIE device can talk to any other PCIE device without host help.