I think the short answer is that no one knows, because a proper answer would need an understanding of how black holes and quantum theory go together, which is n

I think the short answer is that no one knows, because a proper answer would need an understanding of how black holes and quantum theory go together, which is not currently known. The longer answer (if you want to get in to the extensive literature) is that your question seems to relate to the black hole information paradox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox