TPUs are more efficient at LLMs because they do more TOPS/KWh. "OpenTPU: Open-Source Reimplementation of Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)" (2025) https://n

TPUs are more efficient at LLMs because they do more TOPS/KWh. "OpenTPU: Open-Source Reimplementation of Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)" (2025) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44111452 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44111452 "A Comparison of the Cerebras Wafer-Scale Integration Technology with Nvidia GPU-based Systems for Artificial Intelligence" (2025) https://arxiv.org/html/2503.11698v1 https://arxiv.org/html/2503.11698v1 From https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44648575 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44648575 : > "Next-generation datacenters consume zero water for cooling" (2024) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42376406 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42376406 >> this design will avoid the need for more than 125 million liters of water per year per datacenter "Microsoft’s Datacenter Community Pledge: To build and operate digital infrastructure that addresses societal challenges and creates benefits for communities" (2024-06) https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2024/06/02/microsofts-datacenter-community-pledge-to-build-and-operate-digital-infrastructure-that-addresses-societal-challenges-and-creates-benefits-for-communities/ https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2024/06/02/microsofts-datac... : > We will design and operate our datacenters to support society’s climate goals and become carbon negative, water positive and zero waste before 2030. [...] > By 2025, we will procure 100% renewable energy on a global scale, both significantly expanding and decarbonizing local electricity grids. > Our datacenter designs are more water efficient than traditional enterprise datacenters, and our plan by 2030 is to replenish more water than we consume locally. Here's this about CNT cooling: "Cyberpower begins selling desktop PCs with carbon nanotube CPU cooling" (2025) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44899495 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44899495 "A carbon-nanotube-based tensor processing unit" (2024) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41322070 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41322070 Graphene semiconductors should be at least 10X more energy efficient; but how much less water would graphene-based chips waste?