I don't think you understand the marginal theory of value at all. Like, at all. Obviously the marginal theory of value does incorporate all your concerns. Firs

I don't think you understand the marginal theory of value at all. Like, at all. Obviously the marginal theory of value does incorporate all your concerns. First, because Menger, creator of the Austrian school of economics, uses methodological individualism. That means it includes the fact people have incomplete information and subjective value (for example based on what others value). These are points 2,3. About point 1, you clearly don't understand marginalism. You value more water over gold, but a glass of water is cheaper than the same weight of gold. If you were thirsty and about to die in the middle of the desert, you'd pay up to infinite money for a glass of water and 0 for gold. But you value just the next marginal unit of water, not the first one, so you know you can have as many glasses of water as you want just by opening the tap. I'm sure in your lifetime you'll spend way more money on water/beverages than on gold, but a single glass of water is cheaper.