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> I've often asked what the point of constitutional monarchies were, but this seems like a good one. Bagehot divided the dignified and the efficient. I've long

> I've often asked what the point of constitutional monarchies were, but this seems like a good one. Bagehot divided the dignified and the efficient. I've long thought that one glaring downside of the American presidential system is that it tries to combine the two roles in one office.

dragonwriter 1y ago
Non-monarchic parliamentary democracies often separate the head of government (prime minister) and chief of state (president); it’s not exclusively a thing done by Constitutional monarchies. Instead, lacking the separation is, among representative democracies, a distinguishing (mis)feature of Presidential systems.
- muzani 1y ago
  That's interesting. Which countries do this?
  - dragonwriter 1y ago
    > That's interesting. Which countries do this? The majority of non-monarchic parliamentary systems still have a separate chief of state and head of government (including semi-presidential systems, which are basically parliamentary democracies but the chief of state has a wider set of formal powers without being head of government). In the EU, for instance, excluding monarchies and presidential systems, every single member state fits the pattern of having a separate chief of state and head of government, mostly with the same titles. Here's a list of EU states that aren't monarchies or presidential systems, identifying whether they are parliamentary or semi-presidential and, if the separated CoS and HoG have titles other than the most common, what those titles are. Unless noted, in the examples, the usual English title of the CoS is "President" and the HoG is "Prime Minister", exceptions have the HoG title in parens (there are not exceptions for the CoS title.) Austria: Parliamentary (Chancellor), Bulgaria: Parliamentary, Croatia: Parliamentary, Czechia: Parliamentary, Estonia: Parliamentary, Finland: Parliamentary, France: Semi-presidential, Germany: Parliamentary (Chancellor), Greece: Parliamentary, Hungary: Parliamentary, Ireland: Parliamentary (Taoiseach), Italy: Parliamentary, Latvia: Parliamentary, Lithuania: Semi-Presidential, Malta: Parliamentary, Poland: Semi-Presidential, Portugal: Semi-Presidential, Romania: Parliamentary, Slovakia: Parliamentary, Slovenia: Parliamentary
pjc50 1y ago
They've managed to achieve both undignified and inefficient.

dragonwriter 1y ago

Non-monarchic parliamentary democracies often separate the head of government (prime minister) and chief of state (president); it’s not exclusively a thing done by Constitutional monarchies. Instead, lacking the separation is, among representative democracies, a distinguishing (mis)feature of Presidential systems.

muzani 1y ago
That's interesting. Which countries do this?
- dragonwriter 1y ago
  > That's interesting. Which countries do this? The majority of non-monarchic parliamentary systems still have a separate chief of state and head of government (including semi-presidential systems, which are basically parliamentary democracies but the chief of state has a wider set of formal powers without being head of government). In the EU, for instance, excluding monarchies and presidential systems, every single member state fits the pattern of having a separate chief of state and head of government, mostly with the same titles. Here's a list of EU states that aren't monarchies or presidential systems, identifying whether they are parliamentary or semi-presidential and, if the separated CoS and HoG have titles other than the most common, what those titles are. Unless noted, in the examples, the usual English title of the CoS is "President" and the HoG is "Prime Minister", exceptions have the HoG title in parens (there are not exceptions for the CoS title.) Austria: Parliamentary (Chancellor), Bulgaria: Parliamentary, Croatia: Parliamentary, Czechia: Parliamentary, Estonia: Parliamentary, Finland: Parliamentary, France: Semi-presidential, Germany: Parliamentary (Chancellor), Greece: Parliamentary, Hungary: Parliamentary, Ireland: Parliamentary (Taoiseach), Italy: Parliamentary, Latvia: Parliamentary, Lithuania: Semi-Presidential, Malta: Parliamentary, Poland: Semi-Presidential, Portugal: Semi-Presidential, Romania: Parliamentary, Slovakia: Parliamentary, Slovenia: Parliamentary

pjc50 1y ago

They've managed to achieve both undignified and inefficient.