Well, while I agree with the second half of your statement. It only applies to when you're testing on-the-job performance. If you want to test if somebody learn

Well, while I agree with the second half of your statement. It only applies to when you're testing on-the-job performance. If you want to test if somebody learned multiplication then you do need to take away a calculator otherwise you're just testing if they can multiply. I'm not sure when an employer should really care about whether their cashier can add/subtract correctly vs just use the output from the machine. But in the education setting where you're making a claim that students will learn X you should be testing X.