> The results were self-reported, which means they weren’t independently verified by researchers. In addition, the study can’t pinpoint what types of smartphone

> The results were self-reported, which means they weren’t independently verified by researchers. In addition, the study can’t pinpoint what types of smartphone use drove the results and can’t account for how they might change as technologies evolve. Lordy what a useless study—it's a twitter poll with some statistics added. Also it's conflating the device with the supermassive but also creepily personal self-esteem killing machine, Instagram. Like why are we pretending that it's texting and candy crush? Every study that does this in more detail concludes that yep, it's social media, and specifically social media where everyone shows off how cool they are and how much fun they're having—turning up every insecurity you have in middle/high school to 11.