Until you're really close to the arctic circle, it's really cheap to just buy e.g 4x the amount of PV and then keep charging in winter anyway. Beyond a certain

Until you're really close to the arctic circle, it's really cheap to just buy e.g 4x the amount of PV and then keep charging in winter anyway. Beyond a certain point, it makes more sense to use transmission lines connecting you to somewhere sunnier. The western American grid connects bits of Canada to bits of Mexico.