the problem is over time they erected a giant moat that is regulation and captive customer base. I dont understand how anti-trust regulation lets Visa/MC duopo

the problem is over time they erected a giant moat that is regulation and captive customer base. I dont understand how anti-trust regulation lets Visa/MC duopoly exist (at least with current rates), they must be heaviest donors to politicians. and once you understand how 2-3 big corporations establish oligopoly and engage in rent seeking, protected by mountains of regulations, and share some of their wealth with politicians - you understand how American extractive institutions work. The only hope is some giant like Apple/Google completely unseat visa with their own secure payment solutions that gets around VISA/MC card system