It is several orders of magnitude cheaper to produce bullshit than it is to produce truth and/or invalidate bullshit. The truth value/prediction value for the

It is several orders of magnitude cheaper to produce bullshit than it is to produce truth and/or invalidate bullshit. The truth value/prediction value for the knowledge system as a whole produced by the invalidation of bullshit is orders of magnitude less valuable than the creation of truth. Note: the production of bullshit can be VERY economically/socially valuable for the specific producer of bullshit, but emphatically not valuable for the entire knowledge system. Tolerance of bullshit in a field decreases the likelihood of robust invalidation by others due to the above. It is a plague on intellectual pursuits, and why we are well aware of several famous “bullshit artists” in the western medical tradition: they are famous because bullshitting is rare, unacceptable, and career destroying. If that is not true of a knowledge system, you have a culture, not a science. Culture is great by the way! Awesome! Important! Culture is not meant to be predictive! Not science though. Great way to tell if you have a science on your hands or a culture: are extremely large quantities of money dependent upon accuracy of predictions? If so, you’ve likely got a science! If not, well, might be a culture.