I would add some more factors along those lines: - Many urban areas have even worse shortages of family housing. Availability of 2+ bedroom apartments is even

I would add some more factors along those lines: - Many urban areas have even worse shortages of family housing. Availability of 2+ bedroom apartments is even worse than studios and 1-bedrooms. Many new multi family buildings have plenty of low-income units but no family units. - Car seat laws are well intentioned but make it very annoying to transport children in car-dependent areas unless parents use their own car for everything. - Childcare and education prices are very high. Of course, part of this cost is the cost of living of educators. - Many industries are geared toward people with few or no children. Hotel rooms with capacity for more than two children are unusual, and most travel sites barely understand the idea of searching for such rooms. Even rooms with comfortable capacity for two children are a bit unusual — the common two-queen-bed configuration requires that kids share a bed.