That filesystem example is a TOCTOU race, not a data race, and so it can happen in Rust or similar languages just the same. Although both TOCTOU races and data

That filesystem example is a TOCTOU race, not a data race, and so it can happen in Rust or similar languages just the same. Although both TOCTOU races and data races are types of race condition, they are not the same thing. Many race conditions are an ordinary part of our lived experience - if you've ever thought "Oh, I need to buy more milk" and then went to a store but meanwhile your house mate, partner, colleague at work, or whatever were also out buying more milk, well, when you get back with milk there's too much milk, oops, that's a race condition, specifically a TOCTOU race - we checked the milk, then we purchased more milk, meanwhile someone else changed how much milk is there. Data races aren't like any real world experience. The way the machine actually works is too alien for us to get our heads around so we're provided with a grossly simplified "sequentially consistent" illusion when writing high level languages like C - in which things happen in some order. Data races are reality "bleeding through" if we don't follow the rules to preserve that illusion.