- Java's use of GC and a large runtime makes it inappropriate for many use cases - Java had a pretty slow startup time, which makes it a poor fit for many CLI

- Java's use of GC and a large runtime makes it inappropriate for many use cases - Java had a pretty slow startup time, which makes it a poor fit for many CLI applications and similar - Java has historically had pretty poor support for interoperating with c libraries (although this is improving with project panama) - Rust has a richer, more powerful type system than Java (although scala's is more comparable) - Rust's affine types (lifetimes) actually prevent certain types of bugs that occur in languages like Java as well. Things like using a connection or file handle after it is closed, forgetting to release a lock, not properly synchronizing access to memory between multiple threads, etc.