3 ms·

Agreed. Even stranger to me is @ as the fourth most common operator, supposedly more common than +. The whole thing seems dubious.

by mkl 1y ago

layer8 1y ago
I would suspect that the @ comes from author email addresses. It's not entirely wrong to call that an operator. ;)
- mmooss 1y ago
  Do papers tend to have more email addresses or more plus signs? I'd expect the latter, by a lot.
- mkl 1y ago
  No, the data (as described in So's thesis) was mathematical expressions extracted from TeX source code, so the surrounding text and email addresses etc. were ignored. Skimming through by eye I can't see @ in any of So's tables, and searching for the hex Unicode value the tables list for every other character yields no hits: @ is not in the tables. ∋ is there anomalously frequently, and @ is missing, so something seems to have gone wrong, probably at multiple stages in the pipeline.
dleeftink 1y ago
The table byline says: "The @ symbol is used to encode mathematical formulas for the computer. It is not visible to the user."
yorwba 1y ago
Its number of occurrences is 103,090. In the master's thesis identified as the original source https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~smwatt/home/students/theses/CSo2005-msc.pdf https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~smwatt/home/students/theses/CSo2005... the Unicode value of the operator occurring 103,090 times is given as 2061, and the thesis helpfully explains that Unicode 2061, 2062 and 2063 are invisible operators. TeX does not have any of these invisible operators. These invisible operators result from the TEX to MathML conversion. – 2061 – Function application – 2062 – Invisible times – 2063 – Invisible separator And Wikipedia says that function application may be represented as U+2061 FUNCTION APPLICATION (⁡, ⁡) — a contiguity operator indicating application of a function; that is an invisible zero width character intended to distinguish concatenation meaning function application from concatenation meaning multiplication. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_application#Representation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_application#Represent... I'm not sure though how an automated conversion process would be able to distinguish between these.

Agreed. Even stranger to me is @ as the fourth most common operator, supposedly more common than +. The whole thing seems dubious.

by mkl 1y ago

Agreed. Even stranger to me is @ as the fourth most common operator, supposedly more common than +. The whole thing seems dubious.

layer8 1y ago

I would suspect that the @ comes from author email addresses. It's not entirely wrong to call that an operator. ;)

mmooss 1y ago
Do papers tend to have more email addresses or more plus signs? I'd expect the latter, by a lot.
mkl 1y ago
No, the data (as described in So's thesis) was mathematical expressions extracted from TeX source code, so the surrounding text and email addresses etc. were ignored. Skimming through by eye I can't see @ in any of So's tables, and searching for the hex Unicode value the tables list for every other character yields no hits: @ is not in the tables. ∋ is there anomalously frequently, and @ is missing, so something seems to have gone wrong, probably at multiple stages in the pipeline.

dleeftink 1y ago

The table byline says: "The @ symbol is used to encode mathematical formulas for the computer. It is not visible to the user."

yorwba 1y ago

Its number of occurrences is 103,090. In the master's thesis identified as the original source https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~smwatt/home/students/theses/CSo2005-msc.pdf https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~smwatt/home/students/theses/CSo2005... the Unicode value of the operator occurring 103,090 times is given as 2061, and the thesis helpfully explains that Unicode 2061, 2062 and 2063 are invisible operators. TeX does not have any of these invisible operators. These invisible operators result from the TEX to MathML conversion. – 2061 – Function application – 2062 – Invisible times – 2063 – Invisible separator And Wikipedia says that function application may be represented as U+2061 FUNCTION APPLICATION (⁡, ⁡) — a contiguity operator indicating application of a function; that is an invisible zero width character intended to distinguish concatenation meaning function application from concatenation meaning multiplication. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_application#Representation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_application#Represent... I'm not sure though how an automated conversion process would be able to distinguish between these.