Try Raylib. It doesn't sound like you'll need much more than progressively using more advanced libraries, and Raylib is an excellent beginner graphics library.

Try Raylib. It doesn't sound like you'll need much more than progressively using more advanced libraries, and Raylib is an excellent beginner graphics library. You'll want C or C++ even though it has bindings for a lot of languages, but with C/C++ you can then go to the more lower level libs.